The Great Automatic Grammatizator by Roald Dahl
The Great Automatic Grammatizator
by Roald Dahl
Full Detailed Summary in Outlines
The story begins with the narrator describing Adolph Knipe, a brilliant but poor engineer who lives in a small attic room in London. Although Knipe works in a factory designing electronic devices, his true ambition is to become a successful writer. He believes that writing is not purely imaginative but can be reduced to mathematical formulas and patterns.
Knipe spends his evenings studying hundreds of famous short stories and novels. He analyzes:
Plot structures
Number of characters
Length of sentences
Types of emotions used
Suspense and climax patterns
After years of research, he becomes convinced that all stories can be broken down into combinations of predictable elements.
Invention of the Machine
Using his engineering skills, Knipe invents a huge machine called the Great Automatic Grammatizator.
The machine:
Is the size of a large room
Has buttons, switches, wires, and dials
Works like a story-producing computer
By pressing certain buttons, the operator can choose:
Type of story (love, crime, war, adventure, etc.)
Length of the story
Emotional tone (tragic, humorous, romantic, mysterious)
Once activated, the machine automatically produces a perfectly written story in flawless English style.
Meeting the Publisher
Knipe approaches a major publishing firm, Mr. Bohlen and Mr. Adolphus, and demonstrates his invention. At first, the publishers are skeptical. However, when they read the stories produced by the machine, they are astonished by their quality. The stories are:
Grammatically perfect
Emotionally effective
Well-structured
Ready for publication
The publishers quickly realize the commercial potential of the machine.
Secret Agreement
A secret contract is made between Knipe and the publishing house:
The machine will write stories.
Famous authors will sign their names on them.
The public will believe these are written by human writers.
Knipe will receive large sums of money.
The publishers will make enormous profits.
To keep the plan secret, the machine is hidden in a basement and operated quietly.
Fate of Writers
The publishers summon well-known authors and offer them a strange deal:
They will be paid generously.
They will no longer need to write.
They only need to sign their names on stories produced by the machine.
Many writers agree, tempted by easy money and comfort. They abandon real creative effort and become merely name-lenders.
Soon:
The machine produces thousands of stories daily.
Real writers are dismissed.
Literature becomes factory-made.
Publishing turns into an industrial process.
Dark Irony
As the machine becomes more powerful, it threatens the existence of genuine writers. Creative human effort is replaced by mechanical production. Literature becomes predictable and soulless, although commercially successful.
Ironically, Knipe himself, who once wanted to be a writer, ends up destroying human authorship by his own invention.
Ending and Message
The story ends with a warning tone. Dahl suggests that:
If machines control creativity, art will lose its emotional depth.
Writers will become irrelevant.
Literature will be reduced to formulas and profit-making tools.
The tale is humorous on the surface but deeply serious in meaning. It criticizes:
Greedy publishers
Lazy writers
Society’s blind faith in technology
Core Idea
Creativity cannot be replaced by machines without losing its soul.
The story predicts a future where:
Art is automated
Human imagination is sidelined
Commerce dominates culture
Prose Summary of The Great Automatic Grammatizator by Roald Dahl
The story centers on Adolph Knipe, a poor but brilliant engineer who dreams of becoming a successful writer. Although he works in an electronics factory, his true passion is literature. He believes that stories are not products of inspiration alone but can be reduced to mathematical formulas and predictable patterns. To prove his theory, he studies hundreds of famous novels and short stories, carefully analyzing their structure, emotions, and language. After years of research, he invents a huge machine called the Great Automatic Grammatizator, which can produce complete stories simply by pressing buttons and adjusting switches for plot, length, and emotional tone.
Knipe takes his invention to a publishing firm and demonstrates its ability to create perfectly written stories. The publishers are amazed by the machine’s efficiency and literary quality and immediately recognize its commercial value. They secretly make an agreement with Knipe: the machine will produce stories in large numbers, while famous writers will sign their names on them. The public will believe that these stories are written by human authors, and both Knipe and the publishers will earn enormous profits. The machine is hidden in a basement and begins producing stories continuously.
Soon, well-known writers are invited and offered generous payments for merely lending their names to machine-produced stories. Many accept the offer, preferring easy money to genuine creative work. As a result, real writers are pushed aside and literature becomes a mechanical, factory-made product. Books are no longer created through imagination and emotion but through calculations and formulas. Ironically, Knipe, who once wanted to be a writer himself, becomes responsible for destroying true authorship.
Through this humorous yet disturbing tale, the author warns against the blind worship of technology and the commercialization of art. The story suggests that when creativity is reduced to a machine process, literature may survive in form but will lose its soul. It serves as a satire on publishers driven by profit, writers tempted by comfort, and a society that is willing to accept artificial creativity in place of human imagination.
Character Analysis of The Great Automatic Grammatizator by Roald Dahl
1. Adolph Knipe
Adolph Knipe is the central character and the driving force of the story. He is a poor but highly intelligent engineer who lives in a small attic room and works in an electronics factory. Although technically skilled, his true ambition is to become a successful writer. This reveals his inner conflict between science and art.
Knipe believes that literature is not purely creative but can be reduced to mathematical formulas and mechanical processes. He spends years studying famous novels and short stories, breaking them down into patterns of plot, emotion, and structure. His invention of the Great Automatic Grammatizator shows his scientific brilliance, patience, and determination.
However, Knipe also represents moral weakness. Instead of using his invention to enrich human creativity, he allows it to be exploited for profit. He becomes greedy and agrees to a secret contract with publishers that replaces real writers with a machine. Ironically, a man who wanted to be a writer ends up destroying genuine authorship. Thus, Knipe symbolizes the danger of using technology without ethical responsibility.
2. The Publishers (Mr. Bohlen and Mr. Adolphus)
The publishers are shrewd businessmen who immediately see the commercial potential of Knipe’s machine. They are not interested in the artistic value of literature but only in profit and efficiency. To them, books are commodities rather than expressions of human imagination.
Their willingness to deceive the public by publishing machine-written stories under famous authors’ names shows their lack of integrity. They exploit both the machine and the writers, turning literature into a factory industry. These characters represent the commercialization of art and the dominance of business over creativity.
3. The Famous Writers
The well-known writers in the story play a passive but significant role. They agree to lend their names to machine-produced stories in exchange for easy money. Instead of resisting the loss of creativity, they surrender their artistic identity for comfort and wealth.
They symbolize:
Laziness and moral compromise
Loss of artistic pride
Submission to commercial temptation
Through them, the author criticizes writers who abandon creativity for material gain. They show how human values collapse when profit becomes more important than purpose.
4. The Great Automatic Grammatizator (Symbolic Character)
Though a machine, the Great Automatic Grammatizator functions almost like a character. It produces stories endlessly and efficiently, replacing human imagination with mechanical output. Symbolically, it represents uncontrolled technology and artificial creativity.
The machine has no feelings, conscience, or imagination, yet it dominates the literary world. It stands for the threat that technology poses when it invades fields that depend on human emotion and originality.
Overall Significance of Characters
Each character represents a social attitude:
Adolph Knipe – scientific ambition without ethics
Publishers – greed and commercialization
Writers – moral surrender and laziness
The Machine – technological domination
Together, they create a satire on modern society’s blind faith in machines and profit-driven culture.
Conclusion
The characters in The Great Automatic Grammatizator are not deeply emotional individuals but symbolic figures. They are designed to illustrate the conflict between creativity and technology. Through them, the author warns that when human values are replaced by machines and money, literature and art lose their soul.
Critical Appreciation of The Great Automatic Grammatizator
by Roald Dahl
The Great Automatic Grammatizator is a brilliant satirical short story that blends science fiction with sharp social criticism. Through humor and exaggeration, Roald Dahl explores the conflict between human creativity and machine intelligence and exposes the dangers of reducing literature to a mechanical and commercial process.
Theme and Central Idea
The central theme of the story is the threat of technology to human creativity. Dahl presents a world in which imagination and artistic effort are replaced by formulas and machines. The story also highlights the commercialization of literature, where publishers value profit over artistic integrity and writers sell their names instead of their minds.
The message is clear:
When creativity is reduced to a machine process, art may survive in form but loses its soul.
This theme has gained greater relevance in the modern age of automation and artificial intelligence, making the story prophetic and timeless.
Plot and Structure
The plot is simple yet powerful. It moves logically from:
The ambition of Adolph Knipe
The invention of the machine
Its acceptance by publishers
The downfall of genuine writers
The story follows a straight narrative line, making it easy to understand while delivering a deep moral lesson. The ending is ironic and disturbing, showing how a man who wanted to become a writer ends up destroying literature itself.
Characterization
The characters are symbolic rather than psychological:
Adolph Knipe represents scientific ambition without moral responsibility.
Publishers stand for greed and exploitation.
Writers symbolize weakness and moral surrender.
The Machine symbolizes technological domination over human imagination.
This symbolic characterization strengthens the allegorical nature of the story.
Style and Language
Roald Dahl’s style is:
Simple
Direct
Humorous
Ironical
He uses plain language to explain a complex idea, which makes the story accessible to all readers. The tone is playful on the surface but serious underneath. His use of exaggeration and fantasy helps to emphasize the absurdity of replacing creativity with machines.
Use of Satire and Irony
Satire is the backbone of the story. Dahl mocks:
Publishers who care only for money
Writers who abandon creativity
Society’s blind faith in machines
Irony runs throughout the story. A machine becomes the greatest writer, while real writers become unemployed. The inventor, who wanted literary fame, becomes responsible for the death of genuine authorship. This irony deepens the critical impact of the narrative.
Relevance and Universality
Though written decades ago, the story feels strikingly modern. In today’s age of:
AI-generated content
Algorithm-driven creativity
Mass production of literature
the story raises an urgent question:
Can a machine truly create, or can it only imitate?
Its warning against mechanical art and profit-driven culture makes it universally relevant.
Moral and Message
The moral of the story is that:
Technology without ethics is dangerous.
Creativity cannot be reduced to formulas.
Art must remain human to remain meaningful.
Dahl suggests that progress should support imagination, not replace it.
Overall Evaluation
The Great Automatic Grammatizator is a powerful fusion of humor and warning. It succeeds as:
A science fiction tale
A social satire
A moral fable
Its imaginative concept, sharp irony, and meaningful message make it a memorable and thought-provoking story. Roald Dahl proves himself not only a storyteller but also a keen critic of modern civilization.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the story is a masterly satire on modern society’s obsession with machines and money. By presenting a future where creativity is automated, Roald Dahl warns readers to protect human imagination from being replaced by mechanical intelligence. The story remains a significant literary work that challenges readers to reflect on the true meaning of creativity and art.
Critical Appreciation (Prose Style) of The Great Automatic Grammatizator
by Roald Dahl
The Great Automatic Grammatizator is a remarkable satirical short story in which Roald Dahl combines science fiction with social criticism to examine the danger of replacing human creativity with mechanical intelligence. Through humor, irony, and exaggeration, the author presents a disturbing vision of a world where literature is produced by machines and controlled by commercial interests rather than by imagination and emotion.
The central idea of the story is the conflict between art and technology. Dahl suggests that although machines can imitate the structure and language of literature, they cannot reproduce the human soul that gives writing its depth and meaning. By reducing stories to mathematical formulas and mechanical operations, creativity becomes a lifeless product. At the same time, the story exposes the commercialization of literature, where publishers value profit over artistic integrity and writers sell their names instead of their talent.
The plot is simple yet effective. It moves logically from the invention of the machine to its acceptance by publishers and finally to the displacement of real writers. This straightforward structure strengthens the moral impact of the story. The ending is deeply ironic, for Adolph Knipe, who once dreamed of becoming a writer, becomes the person responsible for destroying genuine authorship. This irony underlines the tragic consequences of misusing technology.
Characterization in the story is symbolic rather than psychological. Adolph Knipe represents scientific ambition without ethical responsibility, while the publishers stand for greed and exploitation. The famous writers symbolize moral weakness and surrender to comfort. The machine itself functions as a powerful symbol of uncontrolled technology. These characters are not meant to be emotionally complex individuals but social types that reflect modern attitudes toward creativity and commerce.
Dahl’s style is simple, direct, and humorous. He uses plain language to express a complex and serious idea, making the story accessible to all readers. The tone is light and playful on the surface, yet beneath the humor lies a strong warning. Satire and irony dominate the narrative, allowing the author to criticize society without becoming moralistic or heavy-handed.
The relevance of the story is striking even today. In an age of automation and artificial intelligence, the idea of machine-produced literature no longer seems imaginary. Dahl’s story appears prophetic in its warning that technology, when driven by profit and convenience, can undermine human values and creativity. It forces readers to question whether originality can survive in a world ruled by formulas and machines.
In conclusion, The Great Automatic Grammatizator is a powerful blend of fantasy, satire, and moral reflection. It succeeds not only as an entertaining story but also as a thoughtful critique of modern civilization’s blind faith in machines and money. Through irony and imagination, Roald Dahl reminds us that literature is not merely a product to be manufactured but an expression of the human spirit that must be protected from mechanical domination.
Questions and Answers on The Great Automatic Grammatizator by Roald Dahl
1. Who is Adolph Knipe?
Answer: Adolph Knipe is a poor but brilliant engineer who dreams of becoming a successful writer. He believes that literature can be reduced to formulas and eventually invents a machine that can write stories automatically.
2. What is the Great Automatic Grammatizator?
Answer: The Great Automatic Grammatizator is a large machine invented by Knipe that can produce complete and perfect stories by pressing buttons and adjusting switches for plot, length, and emotional tone.
3. How does Knipe create the machine?
Answer: Knipe studies hundreds of famous novels and short stories and analyzes their structure, emotions, and patterns. He then uses this knowledge to design a machine that combines these elements mechanically to produce stories.
4. Why are the publishers interested in the machine?
Answer: The publishers see the machine as a way to make huge profits. It can produce unlimited stories quickly and cheaply without paying real writers for creative effort.
5. What secret agreement is made between Knipe and the publishers?
Answer: They agree that the machine will write stories, famous writers will sign their names to them, and the public will believe the stories are written by humans. Knipe and the publishers will share the profits.
6. How are real writers affected by the invention?
Answer: Real writers are gradually pushed out of their profession. Many of them are offered money to lend their names to machine-written stories instead of actually writing themselves.
7. Why do the famous writers accept the publishers’ offer?
Answer: They accept the offer because it provides easy money and comfort. They no longer need to work hard or use their imagination to write.
8. What is the irony in Knipe’s role?
Answer: Knipe wanted to become a writer, but his invention destroys genuine authorship. Instead of promoting creativity, he helps replace it with a machine.
9. What is the central theme of the story?
Answer: The central theme is the conflict between human creativity and machine intelligence, along with the danger of commercializing art and reducing literature to a mechanical process.
10. How does the story criticize society?
Answer: The story criticizes publishers for greed, writers for moral weakness, and society for blindly trusting technology and accepting artificial creativity in place of human imagination.
11. What message does the author convey through the story?
Answer: The author warns that technology without ethics can destroy creativity and that literature loses its soul when it becomes a product of machines and profit.
12. Why is the story relevant today?
Answer: The story is relevant today because of the rise of artificial intelligence and automated content creation. It raises the question of whether machines can truly create or only imitate human creativity.
13. What literary device is most prominently used in the story?
Answer: Satire is the most prominent device. The author uses humor and exaggeration to expose the absurdity of replacing human creativity with machines.
14. What does the Great Automatic Grammatizator symbolize?
It symbolizes uncontrolled technology and the threat it poses to human imagination and artistic values.
15. What is the overall significance of the story?
Answer: The story serves as a warning against blind faith in machines and profit-driven culture, reminding readers that true literature must come from human emotion and imagination.
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Adolph Knipe was a:
a) Teacher
b) Engineer
c) Publisher
d) Journalist
Answer: b) Engineer
2. The Great Automatic Grammatizator produces:
a) Poems
b) Essays
c) Stories
d) Plays
Answer: c) Stories
3. The publishers wanted the machine mainly for:
a) Fame
b) Knowledge
c) Profit
d) Charity
Answer: c) Profit
4. Famous writers were asked to:
a) Write more stories
b) Operate the machine
c) Lend their names
d) Destroy the machine
Answer: c) Lend their names
5. The machine symbolizes:
a) Education
b) Human imagination
c) Technology replacing creativity
d) Friendship
Answer: c) Technology replacing creativity
6. The tone of the story is mainly:
a) Tragic
b) Satirical
c) Romantic
d) Epic
Answer: b) Satirical
7. The story warns against:
a) Science
b) Reading
c) Blind faith in machines
d) Poverty
Answer: c) Blind faith in machines
8. Knipe’s dream was to become a:
a) Scientist
b) Writer
c) Publisher
d) Teacher
Answer: b) Writer
Short-Answer Questions (2–3 marks each) on The Great Automatic Grammatizator
by Roald Dahl
Q1. Who is Adolph Knipe?
A: Adolph Knipe is a poor but brilliant engineer who dreams of becoming a successful writer. He believes that stories can be created by using mathematical formulas and mechanical processes.
Q2. What made Knipe believe that stories could be written by a machine?
A: Knipe studied hundreds of famous novels and short stories and noticed that they followed fixed patterns of plot, emotion, and structure. This convinced him that writing could be reduced to formulas and produced mechanically.
Q3. What is the Great Automatic Grammatizator?
A: The Great Automatic Grammatizator is a large machine invented by Knipe that can produce complete stories automatically by selecting plots, characters, and emotional effects through buttons and switches.
Q4. Why were the publishers impressed by the machine?
A: The publishers were impressed because the machine produced grammatically perfect and emotionally effective stories quickly. They realized it could make huge profits without employing real writers.
Q5. What deal did the publishers make with famous writers?
A: The publishers offered famous writers large sums of money to lend their names to machine-written stories instead of writing themselves.
Q6. Where was the machine kept and why?
A: The machine was kept hidden in a basement to maintain secrecy and prevent the public from knowing that the stories were produced by a machine.
Q7. How did the machine affect real writers?
A: Real writers were pushed out of their profession. Many stopped writing and merely signed their names to machine-produced stories for easy money.
Q8. What irony is found in Knipe’s success?
A: Knipe wanted to become a writer, but his invention destroyed genuine authorship. Instead of promoting creativity, he replaced it with a machine.
Q9. What does the machine symbolize?
A: The machine symbolizes uncontrolled technology and the threat it poses to human creativity and imagination.
Q10. What is the main theme of the story?
A: The main theme of the story is the conflict between human creativity and machine intelligence, along with the danger of commercializing literature and reducing art to a mechanical process.
Q1. Describe the invention of the Great Automatic Grammatizator and its working.
Long-Answer Questions (5–10 marks each) on The Great Automatic Grammatizator
by Roald Dahl
Q1. Describe the invention of the Great Automatic Grammatizator and its working.
A: Adolph Knipe invents the Great Automatic Grammatizator after years of studying famous novels and short stories. He analyzes their plots, emotional patterns, sentence structures, and narrative techniques and reduces them to mathematical formulas. Using his engineering skills, he builds a huge machine fitted with buttons, switches, and dials. Each button represents a particular element of a story such as love, crime, suspense, tragedy, or length. When the machine is operated, it combines these elements automatically and produces a complete, grammatically perfect story. Thus, the invention turns creative writing into a mechanical and scientific process.
Q2. Discuss the role of publishers in the story and their attitude towards literature.
A: The publishers play a crucial role in spreading the influence of the machine. Instead of valuing literature as an art, they treat it as a business. When they see the quality and speed of the machine’s output, they immediately think of profit. They secretly arrange that machine-written stories will be published under the names of famous authors. Their attitude shows greed, dishonesty, and lack of respect for creativity. They deceive readers and exploit both writers and technology for commercial gain. Through them, the story criticizes the commercialization of literature.
Q3. How does the story present the conflict between creativity and technology?
A: The story shows that creativity, which should come from human imagination and emotion, is replaced by a machine based on formulas and calculations. Adolph Knipe believes that writing can be reduced to mechanical rules, and his invention proves technically successful. However, this success leads to the destruction of real authorship. Technology becomes dominant while creativity becomes irrelevant. The conflict lies in the fact that the machine can imitate literature but cannot possess human feelings. The story warns that when technology replaces creativity, literature loses its soul.
Q4. Give a character sketch of Adolph Knipe.
A: Adolph Knipe is a brilliant but poor engineer who dreams of becoming a writer. He is intelligent, hardworking, and determined, as shown by his years of research on literary patterns. However, he lacks moral responsibility. Instead of using his invention ethically, he allows it to be used for profit and deception. Ironically, a man who wished to be a writer becomes the destroyer of writers. Knipe represents scientific ambition without ethical awareness and symbolizes the danger of misusing knowledge.
Q5. Explain the theme of commercialization of literature in the story.
A: The story clearly presents literature as a commodity rather than an art form. Publishers use the machine to mass-produce stories and make enormous profits. Famous writers agree to lend their names for money instead of creating original work. Readers are deceived into believing that they are reading human-written stories. Thus, literature becomes a factory product controlled by business interests. The story criticizes a society in which money matters more than imagination and integrity.
Q6. Discuss the relevance of the story in the modern age of artificial intelligence.
A: The story is highly relevant today because of the rise of artificial intelligence and automated content creation. Machines can now write essays, stories, and poems, just as the Grammatizator does in the story. Dahl’s warning that technology can replace human creativity has become a reality. The story raises important questions about originality, ethics, and the value of human imagination in an age dominated by algorithms. It reminds modern society to use technology responsibly and protect creative human effort.
Q7. How does Roald Dahl use satire and irony in the story?
A: Satire is used to mock publishers, writers, and society’s blind faith in machines. The idea of a machine becoming the greatest writer is humorous and exaggerated. Irony appears when Adolph Knipe, who wants to be a writer, ends up destroying authorship. Famous writers, instead of writing, only sign their names. Literature becomes successful commercially but meaningless creatively. These ironic situations expose the absurdity and danger of replacing imagination with machines.
Q8. Explain the symbolic significance of the Great Automatic Grammatizator.
A: The Great Automatic Grammatizator symbolizes uncontrolled technology and artificial creativity. It represents the belief that everything, even imagination, can be mechanized. The machine also stands for the dominance of profit over art. It shows how technology can overpower human values when guided only by commercial motives. Symbolically, it is a warning against turning creativity into a product of machines.
Q9. Do you think the story is a warning to future generations? Justify your answer.
A: Yes, the story is clearly a warning to future generations. It shows the dangers of allowing machines to replace human creativity and moral judgment. The destruction of genuine writers and the commercialization of literature highlight what may happen if technology is misused. The story urges future societies to preserve imagination, originality, and ethical responsibility. It teaches that progress without values can harm culture and art.
Q10. Critically appreciate the story.
A: The Great Automatic Grammatizator is a powerful satirical story that blends science fiction with moral reflection. Its simple plot and symbolic characters effectively convey the conflict between creativity and technology. Roald Dahl’s humorous style and sharp irony make the story entertaining as well as thought-provoking. The theme of commercialization of literature and blind faith in machines gives the story universal relevance, especially in the modern technological age. The story succeeds as both a warning and a critique of modern society, reminding readers that literature must remain an expression of human imagination and emotion.
Value-Based Questions and Answers on The Great Automatic Grammatizator
by Roald Dahl
Q1. What values does Adolph Knipe fail to uphold as a creator?
A: Adolph Knipe fails to uphold ethical responsibility and respect for creativity. Instead of using his invention to support human imagination, he allows it to replace real writers for profit, showing moral weakness and lack of artistic integrity.
Q2. Why is creativity an important human value according to the story?
A: Creativity is shown as a unique human quality that comes from imagination, emotion, and personal experience. The story suggests that machines can imitate patterns but cannot truly create, making human creativity essential for meaningful literature.
Q3. What lesson does the story teach about greed and profit?
A: The story teaches that greed and excessive desire for profit can destroy art and values. When publishers focus only on money, literature becomes mechanical and dishonest, losing its originality and purpose.
Q4. How should technology be used responsibly in creative fields?
A: Technology should assist and support human creativity, not replace it. It must be guided by ethical values and respect for originality so that machines enhance art instead of reducing it to a commercial product.
Q5. What moral message does the story give to writers and artists?
A: The story warns writers and artists not to sacrifice their creativity for comfort or money. They should remain true to their imagination and responsibility as creators rather than becoming mere name-lenders for machine-made work.
Q6. How does the story promote respect for human imagination?
A: By showing the harmful effects of replacing writers with a machine, the story highlights the importance of human imagination. It reminds readers that true literature comes from human thought and emotion, not from mechanical formulas.
Q7. Why is honesty important in publishing and authorship?
A: Honesty is important because readers trust that books are written by genuine authors. Deceiving the public with machine-written stories under famous names destroys trust, integrity, and the true purpose of literature.
Q8. What dangers arise when art becomes only a business?
A: When art becomes only a business, creativity is reduced to a product for sale. Originality disappears, writers lose their identity, and literature becomes mechanical and meaningless. The story warns that such a situation harms culture and human values.
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